Successful launch of Airbus-created CO3D satellite constellation for three-dimensional planet mapping
The CO3D (Constellation Optique 3D) satellites, a groundbreaking constellation of four spacecraft, have been successfully launched into sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of 502 km. These dual-use optical observation spacecraft, weighing approximately 285 kg each, are the result of a partnership between Airbus and the French Space Agency (CNES).
Built by Airbus, the CO3D satellites are based on the company's next-generation S250 product and have been inspired by the manufacturing expertise gained from the OneWeb constellation satellites' development. They are assembled on a modern, digitalized assembly line in Toulouse, inspired by the automotive and aeronautical industries.
Each CO3D satellite is equipped with several advanced technologies. The Step and Stare observation mode allows for agile imaging and targeted area capture. A matrix detector capable of acquiring stereo imagery with 50 cm resolution is also on board. The satellites are powered by full electric propulsion, enabling repositioning and extending their mission life to around eight years.
The LASIN optical laser communication demonstrator allows for data download speeds up to 10 Gbps, ten times faster than traditional X-band transmitters. Onboard AI and deep learning algorithms are used for near-real-time detection and extraction of features such as vessels or aircraft. The CO3D satellites can operate in low-light conditions due to advanced noise reduction sensors and control modes.
The primary mission of the CO3D satellites is to produce a highly detailed global 3D Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the Earth's landmass. Initially, they will deliver a 3D map of France and the "crisis arc," areas of high strategic interest. CNES will have privileged access to the 50 cm stereo imagery, while other governmental and commercial clients will receive 2D imagery products.
The CO3D constellation complements existing assets such as the Pleiades satellite and aims to provide high revisit frequency and high-resolution capabilities, enhanced geographic data for defense and security applications, critical civil applications, and a cloud-based ground segment for image processing and delivery.
The MicroCarb satellite, a joint mission between CNES and the UK Space Agency, was also launched alongside the CO3D satellites. The MicroCarb satellite is equipped with a high-precision Airbus-made spectrometer to map atmospheric carbon content on a planetary scale.
Over the next six months, the CO3D satellites will undergo in-orbit testing. The constellation represents a significant technological advancement in Earth observation through its combination of stereo 3D mapping, rapid data transmission, onboard intelligence, and operational agility. It supports France’s strategic needs and also offers commercial opportunities globally, with availability expected by mid-2027.
[1] Airbus Defence and Space [2] CNES [3] Arianespace [4] ESA
- The CO3D satellites, a joint effort between Airbus Defence and Space and CNES, are not only significant for France's strategic needs but also for the progression of environmental-science and space-and-astronomy, as they are equipped with advanced technologies for rapid data transmission, stereo 3D mapping, and onboard intelligence.
- In addition to the CO3D satellites, the MicroCarb satellite, a joint mission between CNES and the UK Space Agency, was launched, which, with its high-precision spectrometer, will contribute to the study of atmospheric carbon content on a planetary scale, aligning with the ongoing advancements in technology and the field of science.
